Review of supercritical CO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="d1e6790" altimg="si34.svg"><mml:msub><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> technologies and systems for power generation

Thermal-power cycles operating with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) could have a significant role in future power generation systems applications including fossil fuel, nuclear power, concentrated-solar and waste-heat recovery. The use of sCO2 as working fluid offers potential benefits high thermal efficiencies using heat-source temperatures ranging between approximately 350∘C 800∘C, simple compact physical footprint, good operational flexibility, which realise lower levelised costs electricity compared to existing technologies. However, there remain technical challenges overcome that relate the design operation turbomachinery components heat exchangers, material selection considering pressures, addition characterising behaviour CO2. Moreover, sensitivity cycle ambient conditions, alongside variable nature availability target applications, introduce related optimal control. aim this paper is provide review current state-of-the-art systems, focus on issues. Following an overview historical background thermodynamic aspects, emphasis placed discussing research development status areas turbomachinery, materials control system design, priority given experimental prototypes. Developments within key application are summarised trends identified.